Basic Terms Related to Ms. Windows Operating System

Basic Terms Related to Ms. Windows Operating System

Desktop:-
              Desktop is the first background area of the computer. It includes icons, task bar, menu bar, shortcut bar, files, folders etc. It is the first screen of computer.
Icon:-
          Icon is the graphical presentation of the computer item. Each icon has its own icon. My Computer, My documents, My Network place, Recycle Bin, Internet explorer etc. are the example of icon. We can also hide or show the desktop icons.

 How to hide or show the desktop icons?

•  Right click on the desktop and choose arrange icons by.
•  Put or remove the tick mark on show the desktop icons.
• 
  
•  How to arrange the desktop icons?
• 
  
•  Right click on the desktop and choose arrange icons by
•  Choose either name, size, type, modified or auto arrange option.

 How to refresh the desktop icons?

•  Right click on the desktop and choose refresh. or Direct Press F4 key from the keyboard.

Task Bar:-
                 Task bar is the straight line located by bottom of desktop. Mainly includes menu bar, quick launch bar, indicators, language bar etc. We can move and re-size the task bar in unlock position.


How to move the task bar?

• Right click on the task bar.
• Remove the tick mark on lock the task bar. 
• Or,
• Click on start button.
• Click on setting.
• Click on task bar and start menu. Then a dialogue box will display.
• Remove the tick mark on Lock the task bar.
• Click on apply button.
• Click on ok button.
• Place the mouse pointer on task bar and click the left mouse then drag the mouse pointer required location.

How to re-size the task bar?

• 
  
• Right click on the task bar.
• Remove the tick mark on Lock the task bar.
•  Or,
• Click on start button.
• Click on settings.
• Click on task bar and start menu.
• Then a dialogue box will display.
• Remove the tick mark on Lock the task bar.
• Click on apply button.
• Click on ok button.
• Place the mouse pointer on top angle of task bar. then mouse pointer will change double arrow.
• Then drag the mouse pointer required location.

Start Menu Bar:-
        It is a special menu bar, which is use to open/start 99% files or folders and documents. It includes programs, documents, settings, search, help and support, run, log off, turn off computer and other options.

Programs:- It displays a list of programs name or a list of group name, which is use to different tasks.

Documents:- It displays a list of recently used/created files or folders and documents. We can remove the all recently used/created files or folders and documents.

How to remove the all recently used/created files?

• Click on start button.
• Click on settings.
• Click on task bar and start menu.
• Then a dialogue box will display.
• Click on start menu.
• Click on customize button.
• Click on clear button. Click on Ok button.
• Click on apply and Ok button.

 Settings:-  It is a special option, which includes control panel, network place, printer and faxes, task bar and start menu option. It is use to set system configurations.
Search:-  This option is use to search different types of files or folders and documents inside the computer. We can search any type of documents inside the computer by using search option.

How to search files or folders inside the computer?

• Click on start button.
• Click on search.
• Click on for files or folders............ OR,
• Direct press F3 key from the keyboard.
• Then search dialogue box will display.
• Click on all files or folder name in the search box.
• Then you can get result.

Help and Support:- This option is use to help and support to get any kind of information to related topics inside the computer.

• Click on start button.
• Click on help and support option. 
• OR,
• Direct Press F1 or, win key + H from the keyboard.
• Then help and support dialogue box will display.
• Click on required topic. OR, 
• Type the required topic in the search box.
• Click on search option.
• Then you can get related information.

Run:- 
          This option is use to directly open programs, files, folders or documents. It is also use to install/remove programs inside the computer.

• Click on start button.
• Click on run. Then run dialogue box will appears.
• Type the required program's application file name. E. g. wordpad.exe in the open box.
• Click on Ok button. Or, 
• Press Enter key.

Log off:-
               This option is use to log off the computer in different switch user. We can open the computer by using different user accounts.

Turn off:- This option is use to turn off/shut down the computer.

Quick launch Bar:- This option is use to directly open any programs on the task bar. We can also hide or show quick launch bar from the task bar.

How to hide or show quick Launch Bar?

• Click on start button.
• Click on settings.
• Click on task bar and start menu.
• Then a dialogue box will display.
• Put or remove the tick mark on show quick launch bar.
• Click on apply and Ok button. Or,
• Right click on task bar and choose tool bars.
• Put or remove the tick mark on quick launch option.

Display Properties:- This option is use to set the computer themes, desktop background, screen saver, appearance, settings, screen resolution and color quality of the computer.

How to Open the display properties?

• Click on start button.
• Click on settings.
• Click on control panel.
• Double click on display folder: Or, 
• Right click on the task bar and choose properties.
• Then display properties dialogue box will appears.
• (photo of display properties)

How to set the computer themes?

• Open the display properties.
• Click on themes menu.
• Click on drop down arrow of themes and choose required on themes.
• Click on apply and then Ok button.
• How to change the desktop background/ Wallpaper?
• Open the display properties.
• Click on desktop tab.
• Click on drop down arrow of background and choose required one desktop background.
• Click on apply and then Ok button.

Or

• Right click on required picture.
• click on set as desktop background.

Note:- You can also change the desktop background by clicking browse button.

How to set the screen saver?

• Open the display properties.
• Click on screen saver tab.
• Click on drop down arrow of screen saver and choose required one screen saver. E.g. 3D Text.
• Define the required time. Eg. 1 minute.
• Click on setting button.
• Define the required option and click on Ok button.
• Click on Apply and the Ok button.

How to set the appearance?

• Define the required windows and buttons, color scheme and font size.
• Click on apply and then Ok button.

How to set the screen resolution and color quality?

• Open the display properties.
• Click on settings tab.
• Define the required screen resolution eg. 800 by 600 pixels and color quality. Eg. Rightest (32 bit).
• Click on apply and then Ok button.

 Customize Desktop:- 
                                      Customize Desktop helps us to hide/show computer's main items like My Computer, My Documents, Internet Explore etc....... It also helps to change the appearance of the Desktop items.

How to hide or show the Desktop items?

• Open the display properties.
• Click on desktop tab.
• Click on customize desktop option.
• Select the required item. Eg. My Computer, My Documents, My Network Place etc.
• Click on change icon.
• Select an icon.
• Click on Ok button.
• Click on Ok button.
• Click on Apply and then Ok button.

 How to change the Task Bar Properties?

• Click on start button.
• Click on settings.
• Click on Task bar and start menu.

OR,

• Right click on the task bar and choose properties. Then a dialogue box will display.
• Put or Remove the tick mark on required option. 
• Click on apply and then Ok button.

How to Change the Start Menu Properties?

• Click on start button.
• Click on settings.
• Click on task bar and start menu. OR,
• Right click on the task bar and choose properties. Then a dialogue box will display.
• Click on start menu tab.
• Choose required one option. Eg. Start menu or classic start menu.
• Click on apply and then Ok button.

How to set the data nad time?

• Click on start mutton.
• Click on settings.
• Click on control panel.
• Double click on date and time folder. OR, 
• Double click on date and time indicator on the task bar. 
• Then date and time dialogue box will appears.
• Define the required date and time.
• Click on time zone tab.
• Click on drop down arrow and choose (GMT +05:45) Kathmandu.
• Click on Apply and then Ok Button.

File and Folder:-

File:- File is the start collection of data. It is an electronic record of documents, programs etc. That has been named and stored in the computer. There are two types of file name.

1. Primary file name:- It is main name of documents. For example Sani.doc, Hari.txt, Pitar.bmp etc. In Windows, primary file name can give up to 255 characters.
2. Extension file name:- It is known as secondary file name. In windows secondary file name can give ue:p to 3 characters only. For example.

.exe: Application file of all programs.
.docx: Document of micro soft word
.xlsx: Workbook of Ms. Excel
.pptx: Presentations of Ms. PowerPoint
.bmp: Bitmap of Ms. Paint
.cdr: Corel draw files.
.dbf: Database file of Base
.mdb: Databse file of Access

Program Name                               Application file Name
Ms. Word                                          winword.exe
Ms. PowerPoint                                 powerpoint.exe
Ms. Excel                                          excel.exe
Word Pad                                          Write.exe/wordpad.exe
Notepad                                             notepad.exe
Windows Media Player                     wmplayer.exe
Internet Explorer                               iexplore.exe
Windows Movie Maker                    moviemk.exe
Ms. Paint                                           mspaint.exe
Calculator                                         calc.exe
Character Map                                  charmap.exe
Nero start smart                                nerostartsmart.exe
Ms. Access                                       msaccess.exe
Adobe Photoshop 7.0/CS3               Photoshop.exe
Adobe Page Maker                          pm70.exe
Corel Draw                                      coreldrw.exe

Folder:-
              Folder is the cabinet of files. It is a partitioned space (room) of the storage memory, where we can keep the files. It is also store pictures, program files, software etc. it is a blank space.

How to create a new folder or file inside the desktop?

• Right click on the desktop and choose new option. 
• Click on folder option. OR, Select required file. Eg. (text documents).
• Type the required name for folder or file
•  Press Enter key. Or, Click on Ok button.

How to Create a new folder or file inside the folder(sub-folder)?

• Open any folder and click on file menu. OR, Right click on any where inside the blank area.
• Click on new option.
• Click on folder/file option.
• Type the required name for folder or file.
• Press Enter key. Or Click on Ok button.

How to delete Folder or file?

• Select the required file or folder. Or,
• Right click on required file or folder. and choose delete option. Or, Press delete key from the keyboard.
• Click on Yes button.

How to select all file or folder?

• Open any system folder.
• Direct Press Ctrl+A key from the keyboard. OR, Click on edit menu and choose select all option.

# How to Copy and Paste file or folder?

• Select the required file or folder.
• Right click on required file or folder and choose copy option. OR, Click on edit menu and choose copy option. OR,
• Press Ctrl+C from the keyboard. 

OR,

• Open any folder and select the required file or folder.
• Click on copy this file or folder option. Then a dialogue box will appears.
• Define required location where you want to copy.
• Click on copy button.
• After copied, define required location where you want to paste file or folder.
• Right  click on required location and choose paste option. OR, 
• Click on edit menu and choose paste. Or, 
• Press Ctrl+V key from the keyboard.

How to Rename File or Folder?

• Select required file or folder and right click on it.
• Choose rename option. OR, 
• Open any folder and disk on rename this file or folder option.
• Type the required file or folder name.
• Press Enter key.

How to Move File or Folder?

• Select required file or folder and right click on it.
• Choose cut option. OR, Press Ctrl+X key from keyboard.
• Define required location, where you  want to paste file or folder and Right click on it.
• Choose paste option. OR, 
• Press Ctrl+V key from the keyboard.

      OR

• Open any folder.
• Select the required file or folder.
• Click on move this file or folder option. Then a dialogue box will appears.
• Define the required location where you want to move file or folder.
• click on Move button.

RECYCLE BIN:-
                               Recycle Bin is a system folder which is use to all deleted file or folders. When we delete the files or folders, then automatically save it, We can also restore deleted files or folders from the Recycle Bin folder.

How to Restore the File or Folders from Recycle Bin folder?
Open the recycle bin folder.
Right click on the required file or folder and choose restore option. OR,
Open the recycle bin folder.
Select the required file or folder.
Click on restore this item.
How to Empty the Recycle Bin Folder?
Right click on the recycle bin folder and choose empty the recycle bin option.
Click on Yes button.
OR,
Open the recycle bin folder.
Click on Empty the recycle bin.

SHORTCUT:- 
                          This option is use to create a shortcut of a program, a file , a folder etc. inside the desktop. Using this option we can quickly open any program in the computer.

Some Important Shortcut Location of Program
Calculator:        C:\windows\system32\calc.exe
Character map:   C:\windows\system32\charmap.exe
Notepad:            C:\windows\system32\notepad.exe
Word Pad :        C:\Windows\System32\wordpad.exe
Ms. Paint:         C:\Windows\System32\mspaint.exe
Windows Media Player: C:\Program files\Windows Media Player\wmplayer.exe
Internet Explore:   C:\Program files\internet explorer\iexplore.exe
Ms. Word:        C:\Program files\microsoft office\office12\winword.exe
Ms. Excel:       C:\Program files\microsoft office\Office12\excel.exe
Ms. PowerPoint:   C:\Program files\microsoft office\Office12\powerpoint.exe
Ms. Access:       C:\Program files\Microsoft Office\Office12\msaccess.exe
Adobe PageMaker: C:\Program files\adobe\pagemaker\pm70.exe
Adobe Photoshop:   C:\Program files\adobe\photoshop.exe

How to Create a new Shortcut of a program inside the desktop?

• Right click on the desktop and choose new option.
• Click on Shortcut option. Then a dialogue box will appears.
• Type the required location of item. Eg. C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe
• Click on next button.
• Click on finish button. 

       OR,

• Click on start button.
• Click on program.
• Right click on the required program name and choose send to option.
• Click on desktop Create shortcut option.

Note:- You can also create shortcut inside the desktop by clicking browse button.

Calculator:-
                       This program is always comes with Ms. Windows. Mainly it is use to both numeric and scientific calculate data inside the computer. It is a simple program of the computer.

How to Open Calculator Program?

• Click on start button.
• Click on programs.
• Click on accessories.
• Click on calculator. OR,
• Click on on start button.
• Click on Run. Then a dialogue box will appears.
• Type calc.exe in open box.
• Click on Ok button.
• 
  

How to Apply Standard or Scientific Calculator?

• Open the calculator program.
• Click on view menu.
• Choose either standard or scientific option.

Character Map:-
                            This program is also always comes with Ms. Windows. Mainly it is use to copy(insert) different type of symbols from the character map program to another program.

How to open Character Map program?

• Click on Start button. 
• Click on programs.
• Click on Accessories.
• Click on system tools.
• Click on Character map. OR,
• Click on start button.
• Click on Run. Then a dialogue box will appears.
• Type charmap.exe in open box.
• Click on Ok button.

How to Copy Symbol from the character map program to another programs?

• Open character map program.
• Click on drop down arrow of font.
• Choose required font an select required symbol.
• Click on copy button.
• Define the required location and right click on it.
• Choose paste option/ Press Ctrl+ V key from the keyboard.

Notepad:-
                  This program is also always comes with Ms.Windows. It is a simple or small word processing program. Using this program we can create simple or small documents. With the help of this program we can also design web pages for websites.

How to open Notepad program?

• Click on start button.
• Click on programs.
• Click on accessories.
• Click on Notepad. Or,
• Click on start button.
• Click on Run. Then a dialogue box will appears.
• Type notepad.exe in open box.
• Click on OK button.
• Then type the required text in the documents.
•