Basic Computer Course
Fundamental of Computer
Introduction of Computer:
The word Computer originated from define word 'Compute'. Compute means to calculate. Computer is an electronic device, which is use to store data and information for a long period. It can perform all mathematical calculations and logical operations at very high speed with 100% ([percent) accuracy. Mainly, it is use to save and point data and information for future used.In other words an electronic device or machine that can store data & find information, calculation & control either machine is called computer.
What is full form of Computer?
C = Common
O = Operating
M = Machine
P = Purpose
U = Useful
T = Technology
E = Education
R = Re- Search
Characteristics of Computer?
- Speed
- Accuracy
- Storage
- Versatility
- Automatic
- Diligent
How to open the Computer?
- Switch of the main power supply button.
- Switch on the CPU & Monitor.
Wait for sometimes and then you will directly enter into the windows environment (Desktop) and see the following screen.
 |
| desktop |
- At first, close the all opened programs.
- Click on start button.
 |
| start menu |
- Click on turn off Computer.
- Then the turn off computer dialogue box will appears.
 |
| turn off computer dialogue box |
- Click on turn off button. Then after sometimes computer will closed.
Basic terms of the computer system
1. Memory:- An electronic device used to store data or information for future used. They come in various types capacities. Like 512 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB, 80 GB, 160 GB, 250 GB, 320 GB, 500 GB and above. Hard disk, compact disk, floppy disk, RAM, ROM, pen drive etc, are the example of memory unit.
2. Data:- Data is also known as raw material or raw fact of the computer. It is the collection of letters (a, b, c, d,……………..,z), numbers (0,1,2,3,4,..............9) and figures etc.
3. Instruction:- It is the collection of data. All kind of data we can apply into the computer and then computer gives one real output (result) or information. The result (output). which called instruction.
4. Program:- It is the ready-made set of instruction. Which used to perform different types of task. All of the programs used to solve user's problems. Each or every program has its own function. Typeshala, T T program, Ms. word, Ms. windows, Ms. Excel, Adobe Page Maker, Adobe Photoshop, Tally account, Ms.DOS, E-mail & Internet etc. are the example of programs.
Block Diagram of the Basic Computer System
Back panel/ side of the CPU
A= Switch mode power supply (SMPS)
B = Fan
C = Input device
D = Keyboard port (PS/2) 6 pins
E = Printer port or parallel port (25 pins)
F = Mouse port (PS/2) 6 pins
G = USB ports
H = Sound card
I =Visual Graphic Adapter (VGA card)
J = Printer
K = Local Area Network (LAN)
L = Output device
B = Fan
C = Input device
D = Keyboard port (PS/2) 6 pins
E = Printer port or parallel port (25 pins)
F = Mouse port (PS/2) 6 pins
G = USB ports
H = Sound card
I =Visual Graphic Adapter (VGA card)
J = Printer
K = Local Area Network (LAN)
L = Output device
Full form of some Basic Terms
Admin Administrator
AGP Accelerated Graphics Port
Alt Alternate (Alter)
ALU Arithmetic & Logical Unit
AM Ante Meridiem
ATM Automatic Teller Machine
Bb
BASIC Beginners All Symbolic Instruction Code
BC Beeton Christ
BIOS Basic Input Output System
BITS Binary Digits
Cc
CC Carbon Copy(S)
COM Command
CD Computer Disk
CD R/W Compact Disk Read/ Write
CD ROM Computer Disk Read Only Memory
CMOS Complementary Metallic Oxide Semiconductor
CPU Control Processing Unit
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CU Control Unit
Dd
DC Direct Current
DJ Disk Jockey
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DVD Digital Video Disk
Ee
Exe Executable
EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter
E-mail Electronic Mail
Esc Escape
Ff
FAT File Allocation Table
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FM Frequency Modulation
Gg
GB Giga Bytes
GUI Graphic User Interface
Hh
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Ii
JAVA An Object Oriented
JPEG Joint Photo Graphic Expert Group
Kk
KB Kilo Byte
Ll
LAN Local Area Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
Mm
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MB Mega Bytes
MHZ Megahertz
MODEM Modulator & Demodulate
MOS Moralistic Oxide Semiconductor
MS-DOS Micro Soft Disk Operating System
MU Memory unit
MW Medium Wave
Nn
NAV Norton Anti Virus
NDD Horton Disk Doctor
NIC Network Interface Card
Oo
OS Operating System
OS/2 Operating System-2
Pp
PC Personal Computer
PB Peta Byte
PCI Peripheral Component Inter Connect
PIXEL Picture Element
PM Post Meridian
PS Pico Second
PS/2 Personal system-2
QBASIC Quick Basic All Symbolic Instruction Code
Rr
RAM Random Access Memory
ROM Read Only Memory
Ss
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SIM Subscriber Identification Module
SMS Sort Message Service
SRAM Synchronous Random Access Memory
STD Subeditor Trunk Dialing
SVGA Super Video Graphic Array
SW Short Wave
Tt
TB Tera Byte
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
Uu
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
URL Uniform resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
Vv
VGA Video Graphic Adapter
Ww
WAN Wide Area Network
WIN Windows
WRAM Window Random Access Memory
WWW World Wide Web
Xx
XT Extended Technology
Yy
YB Yotta Byte
Zz
ZB Zeta Byte
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